Author: admin

Scammers don’t just rely on technology. They rely on human nature. The success of a scam is rarely just about a convincing email, a spoofed phone number, or a fake website. It's about emotional control, mental traps, and manipulating behavior.

On Day 4 of our “Advanced Scam Tactics” week, we’re pulling back the curtain on the psychological manipulation strategies scammers use to gain trust, create urgency, and control decisions. These are the invisible strings that make people ignore red flags, empty their savings, or even protect the scammer from being exposed.

Let’s decode the manipulation playbook—so you never fall into the trap.

🎭 Chapter 1: Social Engineering – The Art of Emotional Hacking

Scammers are emotional engineers. Their job is to understand your emotional patterns better than you do.

Social engineering is the practice of manipulating people into giving up confidential information or performing actions against their best interests. It works not because victims are “naive,” but because humans are emotional creatures who instinctively trust, fear, and want to help.

🎯 Common Triggers Scammers Exploit:

• Fear: “Your account has been compromised!”
• Greed: “You’ve just won $50,000. Act now!”
• Love/Loneliness: Romance scams tap into deep emotional needs.
• Authority: “This is Officer Tan from the Cybercrime Unit...”
• Scarcity/Urgency: “Limited time offer. Click before it expires!”

Real Story:

Grace, 63, was convinced a scammer posing as a government official was going to arrest her for tax fraud. She transferred over SGD 75,000 in fear—even though she never owed taxes. The scammer knew how to push her emotional buttons with authority and fear.

🧠 Chapter 2: The “Foot-in-the-Door” Technique

Ever said yes to something small, then found yourself agreeing to something much bigger later?

That’s the foot-in-the-door technique—a classic manipulation strategy. Scammers ask for something minor first, like:

• “Can you just confirm your phone number?”
• “Just verify this code I sent you.”
• “Just click this link to reset your password.”

These small asks lower your guard. Once you've said yes once, you're far more likely to say yes again, even to bigger requests like money transfers or sharing full bank details.

❗ Why it works: Saying “yes” builds consistency. Psychologically, we want to appear consistent with our past behavior. If we say yes once, saying no later feels uncomfortable.

💡 Chapter 3: Cognitive Overload – Confuse to Control

Scammers often bombard victims with too much information in a short amount of time. It’s deliberate.

They use cognitive overload to wear down your mental defences. You’re forced to make rapid decisions under pressure, with limited information.

Tactics:

• Switching between multiple platforms (WhatsApp, email, phone).
• Using complicated jargon (“Compliance Verification, Form 27G”).
• Asking you to perform many small tasks quickly (screenshots, codes, app installs).

Eventually, you just want it to end—and in that vulnerable state, you comply.

🎩 Chapter 4: Authority Bias – When Scammers Wear “Uniforms”

Authority is powerful.

If someone sounds like a police officer, a government official, or a bank executive, we tend to obey—even without questioning it.

Scammers impersonate:

• Police (fake CID calls, law enforcement threats)
• Bank officials (fraud investigation, suspicious activity)
• Tech support agents (Microsoft, Singtel, etc.)
• Company CEOs (used in BEC/email compromise scams)

They may even fake caller IDs or email addresses to make the illusion more convincing.

Real Story:

Jason, a 37-year-old IT consultant, got a call from “MAS” (Monetary Authority of Singapore). He checked the number online—it matched the real MAS hotline. But it was spoofed. The scammer used legal-sounding language and official tone to make Jason hand over sensitive business data.

🎭 Lesson: Always verify authority through a second, independent channel. Hang up. Call back using a number you found yourself—not one they give you.

💔 Chapter 5: Emotional Bonding – The Romance Trap

Romance scams are powerful not because the scammer is attractive, but because they create emotional connection.

Scammers:

• Mirror your interests and values
• Chat daily to build intimacy
• Express strong feelings quickly (“I feel so close to you”)
• Create a dream future (“Let’s meet soon”)

Then comes the crisis. “My wallet was stolen,” “My mother’s in the hospital,” “I need help with customs fees to visit you.”

By then, the victim is emotionally invested—and often blindsided by love.

Real Story:

Mei Ling, 52, met a “widowed engineer” on Facebook. Over 6 months, they exchanged thousands of messages. He eventually asked for “a small loan” to help with customs paperwork before visiting her in Singapore. She lost over SGD 120,000—money she had saved for retirement.

⏰ Chapter 6: Urgency – The Scarcity Countdown

If you had just 5 minutes to make a decision, would you really stop to verify everything?

Scammers use artificial urgency to rush victims:

• “This offer expires in 10 minutes.”
• “Your account will be locked if you don’t act now.”
• “Police are on the way unless you confirm your statement now.”

When time feels limited, our brains switch to survival mode. We make poor decisions because we're reacting, not thinking.

⏳ Resist the rush. Anything that can’t wait is probably fake. Real institutions don’t give you 5-minute ultimatums.

🧱 Chapter 7: Isolation – Divide and Conquer

One of the scariest tactics scammers use is isolation.

They tell victims:

• “Don’t talk to anyone about this. It’s confidential.”
• “Your phone is under surveillance.”
• “We’re watching you to make sure you comply.”

Why? Because once you talk to someone else—family, friends, or a bank officer—they know the scam will fall apart.

They want to cut you off from reality.

Real Story:

Asha, a university student, was told by a scammer pretending to be the police that she was involved in money laundering. They told her to keep quiet or face arrest. She stayed silent for two weeks, transferring thousands of dollars before a friend noticed her anxiety and got her help.

💬 Talk to someone. The more secretive the scammer is, the more likely they’re manipulating you. Break the silence.

🧩 Chapter 8: The Long Con – When It Doesn’t Even Look Like a Scam

Not all scams happen fast.

Some scammers are patient. They build trust over weeks or months, playing the long game. These are known as long cons. Examples include:

• Business Email Compromise (BEC): A scammer hacks a company email, then pretends to be a CEO requesting a fake wire transfer.
• Investment Scams: “Trading groups” on Telegram/WeChat build your confidence with fake profits before striking.
• Fake Friend Requests: They may spend weeks chatting before making any request.

👀 If someone spends a lot of time building rapport with no obvious reason, beware.

🎯 Final Thoughts: Awareness is Armor

Here’s the truth: Scams aren’t just about money. They’re about control.

Control over your emotions. Your attention. Your behavior.

And they succeed because they use tools that work on all of us—not just the uneducated or elderly. Emotional manipulation can affect anyone, regardless of age, background, or intelligence.

That’s why this campaign exists. To expose the tools, so they lose their power.

🛡️ How to Protect Yourself (and Others)

✅ Pause before responding to any urgent or emotional message.

✅ Verify authority independently—don’t trust caller IDs or emails.

✅ Talk to someone you trust if you’re unsure. Isolation is a red flag.

✅ Learn to recognize manipulation, not just “red flags.”

✅ Report scams early. You might not get your money back—but you could stop the next victim.

📣 Call to Action: Share the Playbook

Chances are, someone you know is being emotionally manipulated right now. Share this article with:

• Elderly relatives who trust authority
• Friends who may be vulnerable to romance scams
• Colleagues who handle financial transfers
• Anyone active on social media or messaging apps

Let’s make manipulation visible—so it stops working.

🎯 INTRO: The Most Dangerous Scam Is the One That Looks Real

“I didn’t think I was being scammed. It looked so official.”

That’s what Steven, a 54-year-old logistics manager, told investigators after he lost $67,000 in a fake investment platform.

The website had a slick interface. It had a customer support chat. The emails came from "@ubs-investment.com." There were even daily performance reports with graphs showing his returns.

What Steven didn’t know?

The entire setup was fake—from the website to the email domain to the “support agents” who were actually scammers trained to talk like bankers.

And that’s what we’re tackling today: how scammers fake legitimacy to gain your trust.

👔 TACTIC #1: Fake Company Credentials

🔍 What it looks like:

• Professional-looking websites with clean branding and SSL certificates
• Fake business registration numbers or cloned details from real companies
• Downloadable PDFs like “whitepapers” or “certified audits”
• Pseudo part­nerships with fake logos of real companies

🧠 Why it works:

We’re conditioned to associate design and branding with legitimacy. If it looks “polished,” our guard drops.

🎭 Real-life example:

Scammers cloned the identity of a licensed financial firm in Singapore, using the same name and license number. Victims were shown a fake MAS (Monetary Authority of Singapore) listing page (hosted on a near-identical domain) as proof of authenticity.

📧 TACTIC #2: Official-Looking Emails and Messages

🔍 What it looks like:

• Email addresses like support@dbs-investments.com or info@lhdn-taxmail.com
• SMS from spoofed IDs (e.g., “POSB” or “LHDN”)
• Use of real logos, disclaimers, and footer links

🧠 Why it works:

Scammers understand that branding + urgency = panic click. When the sender looks like a known authority, you respond faster.

🧪 Common examples:

• Fake tax notifications ("You owe RM3,200. Click to settle.")
• Bank security alerts ("Your account is frozen. Reset here.")
• Delivery frauds ("Your parcel has a RM4.90 customs fee.")

Many victims don't realize until it's too late—because everything looks official.

🧑‍💼 TACTIC #3: Impersonation of Authorities

🔍 What it looks like:

• Phone calls or WhatsApp messages from "PDRM officers," "LHDN agents," or "Bank Negara representatives"
• The caller gives full name, badge number, and case ID
• Victim is accused of a crime or tax issue and told not to speak to others "while under investigation"

🧠 Why it works:

Fear is a powerful weapon. When someone who sounds like the law threatens you, your survival brain kicks in. You obey first, question later.

🎧 Voice deepfakes?

Yes, scammers are now using AI to clone the voices of government officials or family members. They mix recorded audio with live speech synthesis to sound like your boss, parent, or even police.

🎬 Real victim story:

Mdm Tan, 62, received a call from a “PDRM officer” who claimed her name was linked to a drug trafficking case. They even transferred her to a “Bank Negara officer” who told her to move all funds for investigation. She lost RM410,000 in a single day.

💬 TACTIC #4: Scripted Conversations That Feel Real

🔍 What it looks like:

• Support agents that respond quickly and politely
• Voice calls that follow “official script formats” with disclaimers
• Investment managers who sound like they know the market inside out

🧠 Why it works:

Scammers often rehearse. Many operate from fraudulent call centers where scripts are handed out like telemarketing pitches. It’s a performance—and you’re the audience.

🔁 Replay behavior:

• "We are recording this call for verification."
• "Please write down your transaction ID."
• "This line is monitored by our compliance officer."

It feels corporate. It feels secure. But it's all theater.

🧾 TACTIC #5: Faked Documents and Dashboards

🔍 What it looks like:

• Fake e-statements showing fund transfers
• Investment dashboards with “live” returns
• Screenshots of transaction confirmations

🧠 Why it works:

We believe what we can see. When a document confirms a payment or a platform shows your “profits,” it feels like proof.

But all these things can be faked in under 5 minutes using free tools like HTML editors or screenshot generators.

🛑 Test it:

If you’re shown a platform, ask:

• Can you withdraw your funds immediately?
• Can you verify the company with official regulators?
• Do they discourage you from calling your bank or checking independently?

If the answer is no or evasive—red flag.

🧨 THE SCAMMERS’ MASTER PLAN: Trust, Isolate, Steal

All these tactics have one goal: to gain your trust quickly so they can:

1.    Isolate you from help – “Don’t tell your family or bank. It’ll disrupt the investigation.”

2.    Trigger urgency – “Act now, or legal action will be taken.”

3.    Extract value – “Transfer funds to a safe account for audit.”

Once you trust them, you become cooperative, even helpful. You’re manipulated into becoming your own thief—moving your money with your own hands.

That’s the chilling part: many victims don’t feel scammed until days later.

🧠 PSYCHOLOGY CORNER: Why Smart People Still Fall for This

🙇‍♂️ Cognitive Biases in Play:

• Authority Bias – We obey figures of power or experts without question.
• Urgency Bias – Under stress, our brains skip logic and rely on instinct.
• Familiarity Heuristic – If it looks like something we’ve seen before, we trust it faster.

Even CEOs, doctors, and professors fall for these scams—not because they’re stupid, but because scammers are smart.

🔐 HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF (AND OTHERS)

✅ Verification checklist:

• Always cross-check identities: Google their name + company + “scam”
• Call official hotlines: Don’t trust numbers they give you—use numbers from government or bank websites
• Pause before action: Scammers thrive on urgency. Take 10 minutes to think or talk to someone
• Reverse search emails and URLs: Use tools like Whois or scam-checker databases
• Use ScamShield or Truecaller: Block known scam IDs

🤝 Help others by:

• Sharing verified stories
• Educating elderly relatives
• Reporting scam calls or sites to local cybercrime units

🧭 CLOSING THOUGHT: Authority Should Be Verified, Not Blindly Trusted

Steven trusted the platform because it looked like a bank.

Mdm Tan obeyed the caller because he sounded like a police officer.

And thousands more continue to lose life savings to this one powerful illusion: the illusion of legitimacy.

Next time someone reaches out with urgency and power, don’t just ask “Does it sound real?”

Ask this instead:
🧠 “How can I verify this, independently?”

E-commerce fraud is a sneaky game that cybercriminals play to swipe your hard-earned money by manipulating online shopping systems. With the rise of digital transactions, these scams have become increasingly rampant, transforming the internet into both a shopper's paradise and a potential minefield.

We've all embraced the convenience of online shopping, which has surged to become a staple in our daily lives. Think about it—feeling like a mall hopping right in your jammies, what's not to love? But with this comfort comes some risk. The digital landscape is vast, and not everyone out there is playing by the same rules.

Scary numbers pour in every year—millions of dollars are lost due to these fraudulent schemes. It's a rollercoaster ride that nobody signed up for. The stats show escalating cases of e-commerce fraud, reflecting both the growth of online shopping and the opportunistic nature of fraudsters.

These scams have gotten sophisticated, evolving swiftly with every new security measure online platforms introduce. So, staying a step ahead becomes essential. As you navigate your way through virtual shopping carts, recognizing the signs and understanding how these scams operate is your best ammo. Keeping your transactions secure while enjoying the perks of online shopping is what we're aiming for. It's all about shopping smart and staying safe out there!

Understanding the Methods of E-Commerce Fraudsters

Fraudsters in e-commerce are tricky folks, using every trick in the book to outsmart online shoppers. Their tactics are like a digital magic show—designed to deceive and confuse. Knowing what to look for can keep you from falling for their illusions.

One of their favorite tools is phishing. Imagine getting an email that looks exactly like it's from your favorite online store, prompting you to "verify" your details. Click on it, and your information is gone faster than you can say 'oops.' Phishing is all about creating that mirage of authenticity.

Fake websites are another popular gimmick. They're sneaky replicas of legit sites, sometimes with tiny differences in the URL that you might not notice if you're in a hurry. Clicking on what seems like a steal, you might end up with an empty wallet and nothing to show for it.

Counterfeit goods offer another avenue for fraud—a too-good-to-be-true deal on high-end products that turn out to be cheap knockoffs. Criminals exploit our love for bargains, but not all that glitters is gold.

Cybercriminals also rely on human psychology—playing on urgency, authority, and our love for a good deal. If your gut says something feels off, it probably is. Red flags aren’t always waving wildly; sometimes, they’re just a gentle flutter. Be aware, trust your instincts, and take a beat before you click buy.

To play it safe, keep your eyes peeled for unusual requests and hard-to-believe offers. Stay informed, stay cautious, and don’t let the fraudsters win the game.

Purchasing Safely: Avoid Suspicious Websites

Shopping online is meant to be a breeze, not a hurricane of scams. When you're picking a place to spend your cash, choosing the right website is crucial. Sticking to the big-name, reputable sites isn't just about brand loyalty—it's about safety.

Ever spotted that padlock icon next to a web address or noticed 'HTTPS' in the URL? That's your green light indicating a secure, reliable website. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption is your best friend here. It means your data is locked safely away from prying eyes.

On the flip side, if you find yourself on a too-good-to-be-true site with a funky URL that’s misspelled or too weird, best to step away. Unverified platforms can lead to everything from financial loss to identity theft, each click bringing an unintended risk.

Nothing illustrates this better than stories where folks walked away unscathed or sadly scammed. Think of them as your guidebook to what you should (and shouldn’t) do. The goal is simpler than you might think—buy from places you know you can trust. Opt for the credible, skip the shady. There's no shopping deal worth the hassle of fraud.

Scrutinizing Links: The Danger of Clickbait

Clickbait links are like digital bait-and-switch schemes—they promise one thing and deliver another, often leading to malicious sites. The allure of a catchy headline or tempting offer can be hard to resist, but it's crucial to dissect these links before clicking them.

Suspicious links love to hang out on social media platforms, waiting for an unsuspecting user to take the bait. These misleading URLs often hide behind those innocent-looking memes or viral videos everyone is raving about. Clicking one can unleash a host of unwanted surprises, from viruses to phishing scams.

To safely navigate the web, employ tools and techniques for checking links before you click. Hover over the link to preview the URL, or use a link analyzer to spot potential threats. These simple steps can save you a lot of trouble.

URL shorteners aren't inherently bad, but they do mask the destination, which can be problematic. Trusted shorteners can be checked through preview features, but if in doubt, better to be safe than sorry.

In essence, protecting yourself means scrutinizing links as if they were gift-wrapped boxes in a mystery game. Analyze, verify, and only click when you're confident it's clear—avoiding those hidden traps online is worth the extra second of caution.

Seller Verification: Ensuring Credibility

Ensuring the credibility of a seller can mean the difference between a sound purchase and a regrettable scam. It's all about putting on your detective hat and doing a bit of digging before committing your cash.

Start by checking out reviews and ratings. They're the modern-day word of mouth, offering insights straight from other customers. Shady sellers often have mixed or visibly manipulated reviews—watch for overly glowing endorsements or sudden upswings in positive feedback.

Don't just stop at reviews. Peek into the company's return and refund policies, too. A legit business won't hide behind vague terms or impossible conditions. Transparency here means they're confident in their service and customer satisfaction.

Also, take into account the customer experience. Real buyers will have tales to tell—whether it's of smooth sailing or bumps along the way. These stories can guide you, giving you a vibe on whether to proceed or run for the hills.

When in doubt, trust the more established platforms and sellers with proven track records. This strategy might not land you the rock-bottom prices, but it certainly increases the odds of walking away as a satisfied customer rather than a swindled shopper.

Secure Payment Methods: A Necessary Precaution

Choosing the right payment method is key to keeping your personal and financial info safe while shopping online. Trusted shopping platforms provide multiple layers of security to ensure your details remain out there only as much as you want them to be.

The difference between secure and non-secure payment options often boils down to how well-protected these methods are against fraud. Trusted platforms use encryption and tokenization to keep your data secure, making them a reliable choice for any transaction.

Look for security indicators like chip compatibility, one-time passcodes, or transaction notifications that give an early heads-up about any unusual activities. These are your best buds in keeping your accounts safe.

Personal tales have plenty to teach about the significance of secure payments—a swipe of the wrong card, and suddenly you're recalling a wallet-lightening tale. Opting for secure payment methods might seem a bit over-cautious, but it saves a ton of stress down the road.

Understanding these nuances helps you make savvy choices and ensures your hard-earned money goes towards the right products, not into the hands of fraudsters. It’s all about playing the game smart and winning it safely.

Don’t Share Sensitive Information: Protect Your Details

Keeping your personal info under wraps is crucial in the world of online shopping. Fraudsters are constantly fishing for sensitive data—like your card PIN, password, or social security number. Knowing what legitimate companies will never ask for can help you steer clear of scams.

Recognizing fraudulent requests is a skill everyone should master. Legitimate businesses already have secure channels in place for transactions and won't randomly request your private info through emails or messages. Be wary of anything that triggers that inner alarm bell.

Differentiating between real and fake communication is all about spotting the subtle cues—a misspelled company name, a generic greeting, or an urgent request for details. Take a moment to scrutinize unexpected emails or messages before you respond.

Educating yourself on common fraud schemes can be your shield. Understand how scammers operate, so you're ready to call out their tricks. The more informed you are, the less likely you'll fall for their deceptive tactics.

Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds an extra layer of protection to your online accounts. It might take an extra step to sign in, but it’s a lifesaver if your password ever lands in the wrong hands. It’s a quick way to boost your online security, keeping your details safe and sound.

Conclusion: Empowering Yourself Against E-Commerce Frauds

Navigating the online shopping world safely requires a mix of awareness and vigilance. Remember, staying informed is your strongest defense against fraud. By understanding common scams, recognizing red flags, and exercising caution, you can significantly reduce your risk of falling victim to e-commerce fraud.

Future trends indicate that as technology evolves, so too will the means of protecting yourself. Keeping up with these changes ensures you're always one step ahead. Relying on tried-and-true tips combined with adapting to new security measures can make a world of difference.

Taking advantage of resources available for learning more about e-commerce safety can also help keep you abreast of new threats and prevention methods. Many platforms offer educational content to empower consumers, equipping you with the knowledge to shop smarter.

Developing proactive online security habits is all about diligence. Whether it's regularly checking your bank statements, keeping your software updated, or simply thinking twice before clicking a link, these actions create a safer online environment for yourself.

Though the digital marketplace may seem daunting with its risks, by employing these strategies, you can enjoy the convenience and excitement of online shopping with confidence. Awareness and action are your best allies in this shopping adventure.

Introduction: A Love Story Gone Wrong

On a rainy Tuesday afternoon, Clara sat at her desk, staring blankly at her phone. The message read: “I’ll be back soon, darling. Just need to sort this bank issue out.” That was three weeks ago. No replies since. Her calls didn’t go through. His Instagram was gone. And with him, her RM75,000 savings disappeared too.

Clara, 44, a successful executive who prided herself on being independent and careful, had fallen for a man she’d never met. “Ken,” the charming oil rig engineer, made her feel seen, loved, and cherished—something she hadn’t felt in years.

What began as an innocent comment on a Facebook post quickly spiraled into daily chats, virtual dates, and talk of a shared future. But “Ken” was never real. He was part of an elaborate romance scam that drained Clara emotionally and financially.

Unfortunately, she’s far from alone.

Section 1: What Is a Romance Scam?

Romance scams—also known as sweetheart scams or love scams—occur when scammers create fake online identities to establish romantic relationships with unsuspecting individuals, gaining their trust before eventually soliciting money.

Where they happen:

• Dating apps (Tinder, Bumble, Coffee Meets Bagel)
• Social media (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok)
• Messaging platforms (WhatsApp, LINE, WeChat)
• Online forums or gaming communities

Their objective is clear: to manipulate the victim emotionally until they are willing to send money, share financial information, or even help launder money unknowingly.

Section 2: Who Do They Target?

Anyone looking for love or connection can fall victim, but scammers often target:

• Divorced or widowed individuals
• Recently single people
• People over the age of 40
• Lonely individuals or those dealing with life stress (e.g. retirement, job loss)

These scammers are experts in emotional manipulation. They know how to mirror your interests, use flattery effectively, and create an illusion of intimacy faster than real relationships typically allow.

Section 3: The Script of a Romance Scam

Let’s break down the typical "love scam playbook".

Stage 1: The Hook – “I saw your profile and felt a connection.”

They initiate contact with charm and compliments. They’ll often claim to be:

• Overseas (e.g., working on an oil rig, deployed military, international businessman)
• Widowed or single parent
• Emotionally available and sincere

Stage 2: The Build-Up – “We have so much in common.”

Daily messages and long chats build emotional intimacy quickly. They say all the right things:

• “I’ve never felt this way before.”
• “I can’t wait to be with you.”
• “You make me feel alive again.”

Stage 3: The Crisis – “I need your help, baby.”

This is where the trap closes. They manufacture a situation:

• Frozen bank account
• Medical emergency
• Business deal that fell through
• Travel expenses to visit you

They'll say:

“I hate asking this, but you're the only one I trust.”

Stage 4: The Drain – “Just one more time.”

After the first successful transfer, more requests follow. They may promise to repay you, show fake receipts, or even stage fake calls with “lawyers” or “bankers.”

Every excuse is calculated to keep you invested—and paying.

Stage 5: The Vanish – “Seen. Never replies.”

Once they sense you’re out of money, patience, or suspicion grows, they ghost you—or block you altogether. Sometimes, they vanish mid-conversation.

Section 4: Real Victims, Real Stories

Story 1: The Doctor Who Loved a Soldier

Dr. Lim, a 51-year-old medical professional in Kuala Lumpur, met “Michael,” a U.S. army surgeon stationed in Syria. Over 7 months, she transferred RM180,000 to help with his “early retirement paperwork.” She even believed she was helping him smuggle out a treasure chest gifted by a local tribe.

“I wanted to believe in the love story,” she said. “He made me feel needed.”

Story 2: The Engineer and the Crypto Queen

Raj, 37, was introduced to “Angelica” through a mutual Telegram friend. She claimed to be a crypto investor. After three months of romance, he invested RM90,000 into a fake crypto trading site she “personally used.” It crashed a week later. The site and Angelica disappeared.

“She even sent me flowers for my birthday,” he said. “I thought this was real.”

Section 5: Why Do People Fall For It?

The common reaction is, “I’d never fall for that.” But it’s not about intelligence—it’s about emotional manipulation.

Scammers exploit psychological vulnerabilities:

• Loneliness: They offer companionship.
• Hope: They promise a new chapter.
• Trust: They build fake credibility.
• Reciprocity: They give attention and expect loyalty.

Plus, victims often feel embarrassed or ashamed, preventing them from asking friends or family for a second opinion.

Section 6: Red Flags to Watch For

Spotting these signs early can save you:

🔴 They fall in love very quickly. (“You’re my soulmate” within a week)
🔴 They avoid video calls or in-person meetings.
🔴 Their photos look model-like or too polished.
🔴 They always have an excuse for not meeting.
🔴 They create fake emergencies requiring money.
🔴 They claim to be working overseas.
🔴 They ask for money in crypto, gift cards, or wire transfers.
🔴 They get upset or guilt-trip you if you hesitate to help.

Section 7: How To Protect Yourself and Others

✅ Verify their identity

Use reverse image search on their profile pictures via Google Images or TinEye. Many scammers reuse stolen pictures.

✅ Limit what you share

Don’t give away your financial details, address, or personal habits. Scammers use this info for social engineering.

✅ Slow it down

Real relationships take time. Scammers often push for fast emotional bonding.

✅ Talk to someone

Get a second opinion. Scammers isolate you. Friends and family can offer perspective.

✅ Report and block

Report them to:

• The dating platform
• Local scam reporting agencies (e.g. NSRC in Malaysia)
• Police, if money was lost

Section 8: What To Do If You’ve Been Scammed

It’s never too late to act. Here's what to do if you suspect you've fallen victim:

1.    Stop all contact immediately. Do not send more money, no matter what they say.

2.    Take screenshots of all messages. Document everything for investigation.

3.    Report to the authorities. Even if recovery seems unlikely, your report can help others.

4.    Check for identity theft. If you've shared sensitive info, watch for signs of identity fraud.

5.    Seek emotional support. Romance scams cut deep emotionally. Join victim support groups or speak with a counselor.

Section 9: How to Educate Others

Most victims don’t speak up. You can help change that.

📢 Share stories. Real-life stories help others relate and recognize danger.
📢 Post warning signs online. A simple Instagram Story might save someone.
📢 Host a chat. Gather friends and discuss how scammers operate.
📢 Join campaigns. Partner with anti-scam NGOs or participate in awareness days.

Remember: No one should be ashamed of being scammed. Blame the criminals, not the victims.

Closing: Love Isn’t Transactional

Scammers know how to tell you what you want to hear. They don’t need swords or guns—just words and WiFi. The best defense? Awareness and vigilance.

Clara’s story, like so many others, is painful—but it can be the light that helps others see through the fog.

Love is a beautiful thing—but when it’s real, it never comes with a price tag.

Slide 1: Headline (Cover Slide)

🚨 They Make You Panic on Purpose
How Scammers Use Urgency and Fear to Control Your Decisions
(Week 3, Day 1: Anti-Scam Campaign)

Slide 2: Intro - “The Anatomy of Panic”

Imagine receiving a call that says:

“This is the police. Your identity has been linked to a serious crime. You must act immediately or face arrest.”

Your heart races. Thoughts blur. Logic disappears.
You’re no longer thinking — you're reacting.

That’s exactly what scammers want.

Slide 3: Story - “Auntie Lin’s Brush with a Police Scam”

Auntie Lin, 61, a retired schoolteacher, got such a call on a Wednesday afternoon.

The caller claimed to be from the Singapore Police Force. He said her bank account was used in money laundering and she was a suspect in a drug trafficking investigation.

“You must not tell anyone. If you cooperate, we can clear your name. But if you refuse, you’ll be arrested within 2 hours.”

The voice was stern, urgent, and official.

Shaken, Auntie Lin followed instructions.
She stayed on the phone for 6 hours, during which she was told to transfer money to a “temporary safe account” for investigation.

She lost SGD 85,000. Her entire retirement savings.

Slide 4: Why It Worked – The Psychology of Urgency

Scammers use urgency as a weapon because:

🔴 It hijacks your rational brain.
When something feels urgent, we go into “fight or flight” mode.

🔴 It shuts down critical thinking.
You're more likely to follow orders than ask questions.

🔴 It mimics authority.
When urgency comes from “the police,” “your bank,” or “the court,” it feels real.

🔴 It short-circuits decision-making.
You focus on solving the panic, not verifying the source.

Slide 5: The Fear Formula – A Scammer’s Toolkit

Scammers often combine fear + urgency for maximum effect. Here's how:

1.    Trigger Fear:
“You’re under investigation.”
“Your child has been kidnapped.”
“Your bank account will be frozen.”

2.    Create a Deadline:
“You have 30 minutes to comply.”
“Act before your number is blacklisted.”
“Delay means legal action.”

3.    Isolate You:
“Don’t tell anyone. This is confidential.”
“You’re being monitored. Any mistake can be fatal.”

4.    Offer a Way Out:
“Cooperate and your name will be cleared.”
“Transfer money to verify your identity.”
“Follow instructions to avoid arrest.”

This formula is not random — it’s engineered manipulation.

Slide 6: Real-Life Examples – “Urgency in Action”

Here are three real scam types that weaponize urgency:

🕵️ Impersonation Scams (Police/ICA/Interpol)
"You are involved in a crime. Act now or face jail."

🏦 Bank Fraud Scams
"Unauthorized transaction detected. Your account will be blocked unless you verify immediately."

📦 Delivery Scams
"Your parcel is detained. Click this link to avoid return or penalty."

All sound urgent. All trigger panic. All are fake.

Slide 7: Scientific Insight – Your Brain on Fear

Neuroscience shows that fear activates the amygdala, the brain’s threat response center.

When this happens:

• Blood flow to the prefrontal cortex (decision-making area) decreases.
• You're primed to react, not reason.
• Scammers rely on this biological switch to override your judgment.

Think of it like a computer virus that disables your firewall.
Once you're scared, you're easier to control.

Slide 8: What You Might Feel (And Why That’s Dangerous)

If a scammer uses urgency and fear effectively, you might feel:

• 😨 Confusion (“Is this real?”)
• 😰 Shame (“Did I do something wrong?”)
• 😱 Panic (“What do I do now?”)
• 😵‍💫 Obedience (“I better listen to them.”)

These emotions are not random. They are engineered reactions.

The danger? They force you to make fast, emotional decisions, not careful ones.

Slide 9: Red Flags to Watch For

Here are clear warning signs that you’re being manipulated:

🚩 You’re told you’re in serious trouble but can “fix it” with money.
🚩 You're pressured to act immediately.
🚩 You're told not to speak to family or friends.
🚩 The caller refuses to let you hang up.
🚩 Payment is requested via bank transfer, crypto, gift cards, or e-wallet.

If it feels urgent, stop and verify.

Slide 10: What You Can Do Instead (Break the Spell)

Here’s how to break out of the fear spell:

✅ Pause. Say, “I need a moment to process this.”
✅ Verify. Call the official number of the agency (police, bank, etc).
✅ Talk to someone. Fear shrinks when you get perspective.
✅ Ask questions. Scammers hate scrutiny.
✅ Hang up. Real authorities don’t keep you on the line for hours.

Slide 11: Role-Play — Test Yourself

Let’s test you.

Scenario: A caller says, “You have 30 minutes to verify your identity or face legal consequences. Do not tell anyone.”

What do you do?

A) Panic and comply
B) Ask who they are and what case this is
C) Hang up and call the agency’s official number

✅ Correct Answer: C
(Remember, real authorities don’t threaten you or ask for money over the phone.)

Slide 12: Empowerment – Turn Fear Into Control

Here’s the truth:

Scammers depend on your fear to control you.
But you have more power than you think.

🛡️ When you recognize their tactics, you regain control.
🧠 When you stay calm, you make better choices.
💬 When you talk to someone, you break their spell.

Slide 13: From Victim to Vigilant – What Auntie Lin Wishes She Knew

After losing her savings, Auntie Lin said:

“If I had just hung up and called the police hotline, I would have been okay. But I was so scared, I didn’t think straight.”

Her story isn’t rare. It happens every day.

But it doesn’t have to happen to you — or your loved ones.

Slide 14: Take Action Today

Here’s what you can do right now:

📢 Share Auntie Lin’s story with someone vulnerable.
📱 Save official hotlines in your phone (e.g., police, bank, scam helpline).
📚 Learn the signs of emotional manipulation.
🧩 Role-play scam scenarios with family, especially seniors.
🧠 Train your brain to pause when something feels “urgent.”

Slide 15: Final Word – Fear Is a Choice (Once You Know the Game)

Once you understand the game scammers play,
you can choose not to participate.

✅ Urgency is a tactic.
✅ Fear is a trigger.
✅ Knowledge is your defense.

Stay calm. Stay alert. Stay safe.
And never let anyone rush you into regret.

Slide 16: Bonus Resource (Optional for Carousel or End)

🛡️ Need Help or Advice?
Contact your national anti-scam hotline or visit:
[Insert Local Scam Reporting Website or Helpline]

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Protect your community.
Teach 1 person what you’ve learned today.

Slide 1: Title Slide

“My Mum Was Scammed, and I Almost Lost Her Too”🔍 A story of loss, shame, and the power of support.

Slide 2: The Pain of Discovery

When Wei Ling noticed her 63-year-old mother, Auntie Lim, acting strangely—secrecy around her phone, late-night whispering, sudden requests for money—she assumed the worst.

“Are you gambling again?” Wei Ling snapped one evening.

Her mother’s face crumpled.

“No… he said he loved me.”

That’s when it all came out. Auntie Lim had been in a romance scam for 7 months. She had sent RM90,000 in total. Her life savings.

Slide 3: The Family’s Reaction

Wei Ling exploded. “How could you be so stupid? You don’t even know him!”

Her siblings joined in too—blaming, scolding, mocking.

Auntie Lim stopped talking altogether. She locked herself in her room for days.

When Wei Ling tried to bring her dinner, she saw something that made her stomach drop.

A suicide note.

Slide 4: Victims Don’t Just Lose Money

Scams don’t just destroy bank accounts.

They break trust.

They isolate people.

They leave behind shame, guilt, and in some cases, suicidal thoughts.

Many victims are too afraid to speak up because they fear being judged by their own families.

That’s why some suffer in silence—even after the scam is over.

Slide 5: Why Do People Stay Quiet?

❌ They’re afraid of being seen as stupid.
❌ They don’t want to be a burden.
❌ They blame themselves.
❌ They fear scolding, punishment, or being cut off from support.

Victims often say:

“I can’t tell anyone. They won’t understand.”
“It’s my fault anyway. I should’ve known better.”
“They’ll laugh at me. Or worse—stop talking to me.”

This is why many scams go unreported.
This is why some victims spiral into depression.

Slide 6: What Scammers Do That We Often Don’t

Let’s pause for a second.

Think about how scammers operate.

They:

• Make victims feel heard
• Offer comfort and compliments
• Build trust
• NEVER judge

Scammers create a safe space—even if it’s fake.

Now compare that to how most victims are treated after they get scammed:

Scolded. Mocked. Shamed. Isolated.

No wonder some would rather stay with the scammer than admit the truth to their families.

Slide 7: It’s Not About Intelligence – It’s About Emotion

People say, “How could you fall for that?” as if it's about being smart or dumb.

But scams don’t happen because victims are unintelligent.

Scams happen because scammers:

• Exploit loneliness
• Tap into hope
• Trigger urgency
• Fake authority

Anyone can fall for it—doctors, lawyers, CEOs. Even cybersecurity experts.

Emotion overrides logic. That’s what scammers count on.

Slide 8: What to Do When a Loved One Gets Scammed

If someone you love has fallen victim, here’s how you can help without adding more pain:

✅ Listen First

Let them speak. Don’t interrupt. Just listen—even if it hurts to hear.

✅ Stay Calm

Even if you're shocked, angry, or disappointed—breathe. Your reaction can shape whether they’ll trust you again.

✅ Reassure Them

Say: “I’m here for you.” “You’re not alone.” “We’ll get through this together.”

✅ Don’t Blame

Avoid: “Why didn’t you tell me?” or “You should have known better.” These make them shut down.

✅ Report Together

Help them make a police report or call the national scam hotline. Support them in taking action.

Slide 9: What Not to Do

🛑 Don’t laugh or make jokes about it.
🛑 Don’t shame them publicly, even in family WhatsApp groups.
🛑 Don’t compare: “So-and-so would never fall for this!”
🛑 Don’t threaten: “If you do this again, you’re on your own.”

These actions don’t help—they hurt. They can push your loved one into a darker emotional state.

Slide 10: How to Rebuild Their Trust

Trust, once broken, takes time to rebuild. Here are ways to support your loved one:

• Invite them out for meals – reconnect with kindness.
• Introduce scam awareness materials casually. “Saw this article – reminds me of what happened. Want to take a look?”
• Celebrate small wins – even if it’s just reporting the scam.
• Offer to help them manage finances temporarily, with respect.
• Encourage therapy or counseling – professional help can work wonders.

Slide 11: The Turning Point

Wei Ling was lucky.

She found the note in time.

She sat outside her mother’s room and said through the door:

“Ma, I’m sorry. I didn’t understand. But I’m ready to listen now.”

A few minutes later, the door opened.

Auntie Lim broke down in tears.

And for the first time in months, they hugged.

That was the beginning of healing.

Slide 12: Scams Break Trust – But You Can Rebuild It

Yes, scams are devastating.
Yes, it’s heartbreaking to watch someone you love fall victim.

But reacting with anger and blame doesn’t undo the damage.
It just adds another wound.

If we want fewer people to fall victim, we need to create safe spaces.
Places where victims can come forward without shame.

Your support could save more than just money.
It could save a life.

Slide 13: Call to Action

📣 If someone you love got scammed…
Be their safe space.
Be the one who listens.
Be the reason they start to heal.

🆘 Save the National Scam Hotline: 997
📞 Report scams to CCID or your local police station

Let’s stop scams—not with shame, but with support.

Slide 14: End Slide

You’re Not Alone. Neither Are They.
Follow us for more real stories, expert tips, and scam prevention resources.

#ScamAwareness #StopScamsTogether #SupportNotShame #AntiScamCampaign

Slide 1: The Promise of a Dream Job 💼✨

Imagine you’ve been job hunting for months. You've applied to dozens of positions, and just when you're starting to feel discouraged—ping! You get a message on WhatsApp:

“Hi, I’m Clara from GlobalTech Solutions. We found your resume on JobStreet and think you’re a great fit for our part-time remote assistant role. Are you interested?”

You don’t remember applying to GlobalTech, but you're intrigued. The role sounds easy: work from home, flexible hours, $200 a day for simple data entry tasks.

In today’s economy, that sounds like a dream come true.

But is it?

Slide 2: The "Recruiter" Seemed Legit 🤔📞

The WhatsApp profile picture showed a smartly dressed woman. Her English was professional. She even sent a company website and asked for your resume again to “verify” your experience.

Then came the “job interview”—done entirely via WhatsApp chat. It was mostly her explaining the company’s growth, the importance of confidentiality, and how they’re hiring remote workers to expand their international presence.

You feel excited. The job sounds perfect. Then she says:

“You’ve passed. Congratulations! Let me introduce you to our onboarding officer on Telegram. He’ll help you get started.”

Sounds organized, right?

This is where the trap is set.

Slide 3: A Task-Based Payment Structure That “Works” 💰📋

The Telegram onboarding officer, “Mr. Leo,” walks you through your first task:

1.    Rate some hotels on Google.

2.    Take a screenshot.

3.    Submit your screenshots in the Telegram group.

You do it. Within 10 minutes, you get your first payment: SGD $30, transferred directly to your bank via PayNow.

It’s real. It works. You’re hooked.

Then Leo says, “Now you qualify for Level 2 tasks. These are more rewarding—but they require a deposit to unlock.”

Wait, what?

Slide 4: The Deposit Trick 🪤🧾

You’re told Level 2 tasks pay between SGD $100–$300 per task, and you’ll get your deposit back with interest upon completion.

They say, “We need you to deposit $150 to unlock the batch. It’s a company policy to filter serious workers.”

You hesitate. But they reassure you:

• The company is legit (look at the professional website!).
• You’ve already been paid once.
• There are others in the Telegram group doing it (you see their success screenshots).

Against your gut feeling, you send the money.

You complete the next task. But this time, there’s no payout.

Instead, you’re told, “There was an error in processing. You must complete one more task to release the funds.”

And guess what? That next task needs another deposit.

Slide 5: The Scam Spiral Begins 😓💸

By now, you’ve invested time and money.

They always give excuses:

• “The system needs 3 consecutive tasks to calculate your bonus.”
• “Compliance flagged your account; a top-up is needed.”
• “Your withdrawal is pending—just complete one final task.”

Each time, they dangle a larger payout just ahead. You keep paying. You don’t want to walk away and lose the money you already put in.

That’s the psychology of a scam spiral. And it’s exactly how thousands fall deeper into debt, desperately trying to recover what they've lost.

Slide 6: The Telegram Group Is Fake Too 🎭🧟‍♂️

That buzzing Telegram group with happy “colleagues”? Entirely staged.

Those people posting payout screenshots? They’re scammer-controlled accounts.

The group admin? Another scammer.

You were never in a real company onboarding. You were inside a well-coordinated scam theatre—scripted, rehearsed, and optimized to fool smart people like you.

Slide 7: The Truth Hits Hard 💔🔍

Eventually, you realise:

• The website was fake—copied from a real company, hosted under a slightly different domain name.
• The company registration number they gave? Belongs to a different firm.
• The money you deposited is gone. No one replies anymore.

You weren’t hired. You were targeted.

Slide 8: How Job Scams Hook You 🎣

Job scams follow a predictable pattern:

✅ They approach you directly on WhatsApp, Telegram, or email
✅ They offer high pay for low effort
✅ They use fake websites, fake profiles, and fake interview scripts
✅ They ask for upfront payments to access "premium tasks"
✅ They show you proof of payment from other “staff”
✅ They use psychological manipulation to keep you engaged

These scammers are not amateurs. They’re organized, and their scripts are constantly evolving.

Slide 9: How to Spot a Fake Job Offer 🚨🧠

Here are red flags you can’t ignore:

🔴 No interview call or video chat – Legit employers need to see and hear you.
🔴 Task-before-hire model – No real employer pays strangers for "test tasks" without a contract.
🔴 Upfront payment requests – Real companies NEVER ask for money to work.
🔴 Untraceable platforms – They use Telegram or WhatsApp and avoid official email domains.
🔴 Too-good-to-be-true pay – If it's easy money for no skill, it's bait.

Always research the company:

• Check official websites and compare domains
• Verify the person who contacted you on LinkedIn
• Look for scam warnings on Reddit or forums

Slide 10: “But I Was Already Scammed…” — What Now? 🆘📞

If you’ve fallen for a job scam:

1.    Stop all communication – Immediately block them on all platforms.

2.    Do not send more money – No matter what they promise.

3.    Report it – In Singapore, contact Scam Alert or call the police at 1800-255-0000.

4.    Inform your bank – If you made transfers, notify your bank immediately to flag or trace transactions.

5.    Share your story – Help others avoid the same trap.

Slide 11: The Bottom Line 🧠⚠️

Scammers are getting smarter. So must we.

They prey on hope, urgency, and financial pressure. They mimic the language of HR professionals. They even send small “test” payments to build trust.

But the moment they ask you for money to earn money, it’s a scam.

Your skills deserve real opportunities, not fake promises.

Slide 12: Share This To Save Someone 🙌📲

Someone on your feed right now is being messaged by one of these scammers.

📢 Share this post
📌 Save it for future reference
📧 Tag a friend who’s job hunting

Let’s build a community where scammers fail, because we know the signs and we warn each other.

The Psychology of Scams: Why Smart People Still Fall for Them

Week 2, Day 5 – Anti-Scam Awareness Campaign

Slide 1: “I thought I was too smart to fall for a scam.”

That’s what Jason, a successful tech consultant in his 40s, said after losing $78,000 to an investment scam.

He has a Master’s degree in finance.
He builds software for trading firms.
He teaches his friends about cryptocurrency.

And yet, he was tricked.

It wasn’t because he was stupid.
It was because he was human.

Slide 2: Scams Don’t Target the Ignorant — They Exploit the Human Brain

Scams aren’t just about lies.
They’re about psychological manipulation.

Scammers study how people think, how they react under stress, and how they respond to urgency, fear, trust, and hope.

The real question isn’t “how smart are you?”

It’s “how human are you?”

Slide 3: Cognitive Bias #1 — The Illusion of Invulnerability

Have you ever said this?

• “That won’t happen to me.”
• “I’m too careful.”
• “Only older people fall for scams.”

This is called the optimism bias.

It makes us believe we are less likely than others to experience negative events.
But scammers love that confidence.

Because it makes you less cautious and more likely to ignore warning signs.

Jason ignored red flags because he believed he was immune.

Slide 4: Emotional Trigger — Fear and Urgency

When you get a call saying:

“Your bank account is compromised. Act now or your funds will be frozen!”

You don’t think.
You react.

Scammers often create false emergencies to hijack your decision-making.

This triggers the amygdala, the part of your brain responsible for fear.

You enter fight-or-flight mode, and logical thinking shuts down.

Even rational people panic when they think time is running out.

Slide 5: The Authority Trap

People trust uniforms. Titles. Logos. Credentials.

Scammers often impersonate:

• Police officers
• Bank managers
• Government agents
• Tech support from “Apple” or “Microsoft”

They use scripted language and even spoofed phone numbers to appear legitimate.

This taps into the authority bias — the tendency to obey figures of authority, even when the instructions seem strange.

Remember the classic Milgram experiment?
Ordinary people delivered what they thought were lethal shocks — just because an “expert” told them to.

Slide 6: The Romance Factor — When the Heart Overrides the Mind

Emotional manipulation is a scammer’s secret weapon.

Romance scams work not because victims are lonely — but because they’re emotionally invested.

Once you build trust, scammers know you’ll overlook small inconsistencies.

They’ll “love bomb” you with attention.
They’ll create emotional intimacy.
They’ll ask for small favors first… then bigger ones.

Jason’s scammer started with friendship.
Then advice.
Then fake profits.
Then, the big ask.

Slide 7: Smart People Are Actually More Vulnerable in Some Cases

Let’s bust this myth:

“Only uneducated people fall for scams.”

Not true.

Educated, successful people may be more likely to:

• Overestimate their ability to detect deception
• Feel embarrassed to ask others for a second opinion
• Avoid reporting a scam out of pride or shame

That combination makes them prime targets.

Scammers love confident, independent thinkers — because they don’t ask for help until it’s too late.

Slide 8: The Sunk Cost Fallacy

You’ve already invested time, energy, or money.

Maybe it’s just $100. Maybe it’s hours of messaging.
But now you feel committed.

So when something feels off, you say:

“I’ve come this far… I can’t back out now.”

This is the sunk cost fallacy, and it’s how scammers turn small losses into big ones.

Jason almost quit when his fake trading platform asked for another $5,000.
But he didn’t want to believe the $73,000 he’d already sent was gone.
So he sent more.

Slide 9: How to Outsmart Scam Psychology

Here’s the good news:
Once you understand how scammers manipulate your mind, you can build psychological defenses.

🧠 Slow down your responses.
Any message or call demanding urgency is a red flag.

👥 Get a second opinion.
Scams hate witnesses. Ask a friend, family member, or even an anti-scam hotline.

🔍 Fact-check everything.
Don’t trust screenshots, profiles, or email addresses without verification.

🚫 Say no without guilt.
You owe strangers nothing. Scammers will make you feel rude for protecting yourself. Be rude.

Slide 10: Jason’s Hard Lesson — and How He Recovered

Jason eventually realized he was being scammed when he tried to withdraw funds… and was asked to pay a 20% “processing fee.”

He was devastated.
Ashamed.
Angry.

But instead of hiding, he spoke out.

He shared his story online.
He reported the scam to local authorities.
He joined a support group for scam victims.

And now, he teaches cybersecurity awareness at local community centers.

Slide 11: Final Takeaway — You’re Not Too Smart to Be Scammed

Being intelligent doesn’t protect you from scams.
But being self-aware and prepared can.

Smart people get scammed because they’re human.

And humans can be:

• Tired
• Lonely
• Distracted
• Hopeful
• Trusting

Don’t be ashamed.
Be aware.
And protect others by sharing what you’ve learned.

Slide 12: Share This to Protect Someone You Love 💬

You never know who in your circle is being targeted.

✅ Share this post
✅ Talk about scams openly
✅ Break the shame cycle

Awareness is the best defense.
Let’s fight back — one story at a time.